Perceptions of Artificial Turf Regarding the Effects of Football Playing Surfaces on Injury Rates

The perceptions of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III college football coaches (based on their interactions with interscholastic and intercollegiate football players) regarding the effects of football playing surfaces on athlete injury was investigated. The subjects were all (237 total) NCAA Division III football coaches. Based on the existing literature and input from a panel of expert Division III coaches, a questionnaire was formed. Results showed that 48% of the coaches surveyed, strongly agreed or agreed that artificial turf poses a greater risk to injury than natural grass

The British Anti-Shipping Campaign in the Mediterranean 1940-1944: Comparing Methods of Attack

From the Italian declaration of war on 10 June 1940 through to the end of December 1944, the British and their allies waged a major campaign against Axis shipping in the Mediterranean. Uniquely for the British, this campaign took the form of a combined arms offensive throughout its conduct, and utilized all four methods of attacking shipping; surface vessels, submarines, aircraft and mine warfare. This thesis approaches the campaign thematically, examining each of the four methods individually. The priority given to the campaign, the forces and equipment available throughout, the tactics used and their development, the successes achieved in numbers and tonnage of merchant vessels sunk and the losses in numbers and casualties are all considered for each method. By examining these factors and the relevant quantitative data, the efficacy of each form of attack is determined and a final comparison of the four different methods made. The thesis concludes that overall, torpedo aircraft were the most effective method due to their ratio of high success and low number of personnel casualties, despite considerable losses of aircraft. Submarines were also very successful but ultimately more costly. The thesis demonstrates that mine warfare might well have achieved significant results had a greater priority been placed on it and that surface vessels no longer retained the ability to operate successfully for sustained periods in an anti-shipping role unless in an area of aerial and naval superiority.Phillip Nicholas Trus

The Air Force newspaper

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Is oxidative stress the cause of death when recalcitrant Spartina alterniflora seeds are dried?

Recalcitrant seeds, which die when desiccated, can be difficult to study because of their generally large size, high metabolism, and poor storage properties. However, recalcitrant seeds from the salt-marsh grass Spartina alterniflora are unique when compared to most other recalcitrant species because the seeds are dormant and small; Spartina pectinata and S. spartinae, which produce orthodox seeds, can be used as controls. Because of these somewhat rare characteristics, S. alterniflora is a good model system to study recalcitrance. In the present study, the following physiological parameters were examined: Cardinal temperatures for germination, a viability test to determine if seeds are dormant or dead, stratification needed to alleviate dormancy, and the effects of dry down rates on viability. For non-dormant seeds, the fastest germination rates occurred between 27-34C. For dormant seeds, viability was established by cutting the coleoptile, which caused live seeds to germinate. Dormancy was alleviated with stratification, with average times to 50% germination of 2.1 and 2.6 months when seeds were stored at 2 and 10C, respectively. Finally, S. alterniflora seeds lost viability when desiccated below 45% moisture content on a dry weight basis (DWB); however, drying rate did not influence death. To investigate the causes of recalcitrant seed death, the putative role of oxidative stress was examined by assays for lipid peroxidation, leakage of cell components, total water-soluble antioxidant capacity (TAR), protein carbonylation and DNA fragmentation as Spartina seeds were dried. While lipid peroxidation was not associated with recalcitrant seed death, artifactual damage was observed when seeds were not freeze-clamped prior to extraction. TAR decreased during initial desiccation of orthodox and recalcitrant Spartina seeds. Protein carbonyl amounts (an indicator of protein oxidation) increased as S. alterniflora and orthodox S. spartinae seeds were desiccated. However, rehydration of dry, orthodox S. pectinata, and subsequent drying, did not alter the TAR or protein carbonyls. DNA fragmentation was not evident during desiccation. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation, membrane damage and DNA fragmentation do not play a role in death due to drying. While protein oxidation and loss of antioxidant capacity changed, these are general responses to drying, rather than to recalcitrance

SLC28 and SLC29 families of nucleoside transporters (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

Nucleoside transporters are divided into two families, the sodium-dependent, concentrative solute carrier family 28 (SLC28) and the equilibrative, solute carrier family 29 (SLC29). The endogenous substrates are typically nucleosides, although some family members can also transport nucleobases and organic cations

SLC28 and SLC29 families of nucleoside transporters in GtoPdb v.2021.3

Nucleoside transporters are divided into two families, the sodium-dependent, concentrative solute carrier family 28 (SLC28) and the equilibrative, solute carrier family 29 (SLC29). The endogenous substrates are typically nucleosides, although some family members can also transport nucleobases and organic cations [1]

Structural Origins of the Doonerak Anticline, Central Brooks Range, Alaska

The Doonerak anticline in the central Brooks Range, Alaska, exposes a package of Early Paleozoic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks overlain by Carboniferous to Triassic sedimentary rocks which have been correlated to the North Slope subsurface. The flanks of the anticline have been interpreted as portions of a single north-vergent nappe system emplaced during the Brookian orogeny. The Doonerak anticline is a key location for understanding the structure of the Brooks Range fold and thrust belt. Field mapping, microstructural analysis, Raman-spectroscopy of carbonaceous material (RSCM) paleothermometry, and detrital zircon geochronology data suggest the structure is not a tectonic window resulting from erosion of a single north-vergent nappe system. Structures in the units to the north of the anticline are south-vergent, while structures in units to the south of the anticline are north-vergent. Detrital zircon geochronology and petrographic data show that Devonian clastic units in the Endicott Mountains allochthon north of the anticline are not correlative to slates and phyllites in the Hammond assemblage south of the anticline. RSCM paleothermometry shows the southern units reached temperatures of 368+/-16°C and were buried ~12 km while the northern units reached 313+/-19°C and were buried ~10 km. A new model is proposed which accounts for observed structural and lithologic relationships and calculated paleotemperatures. In this model, the southern assemblage was emplaced by north-directed thrusting and northern assemblage was emplaced by south-directed motion along a later back-thrust during the predominantly north-vergent Brookian orogeny

Aspects of King MacLain in Eudora Welty\u27s The Golden Apples

ASPECTS OF KING MACLAIN IN EUDORA WELTY’S THE GOLDEN APPLES by James Shimkus Under the Direction of Pearl A. McHaney ABSTRACT Much of the scholarship on Eudora Welty’s The Golden Apples focuses on Welty’s use of folklore and myth, particularly as presented in several of W. B. Yeats’s poems. The character King MacLain is most often associated with Zeus, Perseus, and Aengus. A close examination of King MacLain’s development during Welty’s composition and revision of The Golden Apples reveals associations between King and other figures from myth and folklore, including Odin, Loki, Finn MacCool, Brer Rabbit, the King of the Wood from James George Frazer’s The Golden Bough, and several types of Irish fairies. The many layers of allusion revealed by studying King MacLain suggest that close studies of other characters in The Golden Apples will illustrate the complexity and scope of Welty’s story-cycle. INDEX WORDS: Eudora Welty, The Golden Apples, King MacLain, Celtic myth, Finn MacCool, Brer Rabbit, The Golden Boug